[CS61B] Notes for class 3-types, conditionals, iteration and arrays

Primitive types: (don't have to create an object to store it)
byte : 8-bit integer    => -128~127
short:16-bit integer   => -32,768~32,767
int    : 32-bit integer  => -2,147,483,648 ~ 2,147483647
long : 64-bit
float : 32-bit
double: a 64-bit floating-point number
boolean: "true" or "false" ("True" or "False" in Python)
char: a character, 2byte, non-signed

e.g.
long x = 43L;

double & float values must have a decimal point:
double x = 10.0;
float x = 43.9f;

                               Object types                            Primitive types
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contains a              reference                                   value
How defined?        class definition                          built into Java
How created?         "new"                                        "6", "3.4", "true", etc.
How initialized?    constructor                                default (usually zero)
How used?            method                                      operators("+", "*",...)


Function: methods declared to return a non-void type.

char c = new char[4];
c[4] = 'x'; //Run-Time error

The size of an array cannot be changed once it has been created.